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Consolidated Table of Contents
I. Introduction
1 Storage Tanks are Everywhere
2 Scope
3 How to Use this Book
3.1 Chapters are presented according to the stored material application
3.2 Chapter II determines the level(s) of government having jurisdiction
3.3 Chapters are organized into the stages of life of a storage tank facility
3.4 Chapters VII, VIII, and IX potentially apply to all situations
3.5 Appendix provides direction to publicly available texts.
3.6 Updates as required by regulatory changes
II. Legislative Framework
1 What Is Law And What Is Not
1.1 The Constitution
1.2 Figure 1: Solving the Problem of Different Government Jurisdiction
1.3 Legislation
1.3.1 Statutes
1.3.2 Regulations
1.3.3 By-laws
1.4 Legislative Instruments
1.5 Common Law
1.6 The “Wish List”
1.7 Figure 2: Federal Regulatory Scheme
2 Federal
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Guidance Documents
2.3 Flammable Liquids Bulk Storage Regulations (Railway Lands)
2.3.1 Applicability
2.3.2 Locational Considerations
2.3.3 Storage Tank And Installation Specifications
2.3.4 Firefighting Equipment
2.3.5 Secondary Containment
2.3.6 Piping Requirements
2.3.7 Pumping Systems
2.4 Other Federal requirements
2.4.1 Environmental assessment
3 Provincial
3.1 Comprehensive Legislation
3.2 Other Provincial Legislation
3.2.1 Approval of Air Emissions
3.2.2 Bulk Transfer Gasoline Vapour Recovery
3.2.3 Occupational Health And Safety
3.2.4 Ontario Building Code
4 Municipal.
4.1.1 Permitted Land Use
4.1.2 Building And Demolition Permits
III. Motive Fuels
1 Introduction to the Regulatory System
1.1 Administering Agencies
1.2 Legislative History
1.3 Relevant Petroleum Products
1.4 Organization of the Liquid Fuel Handling Legislation
1.5 Registration and Licensing of Installers and Handlers
1.5.1 Licensing the Handling of Gasoline and Associated Products
1.5.2 Contractor Registration
1.5.3 Certification and Training of Petroleum Equipment Mechanics
1.6 Approved Products
1.7 Authorized Deviations and Variances from Requirements
1.8 Making Regulations and Adopting New Codes and Standards
1.9 Inspector Powers
1.10 Investigator powers
1.11 Duty Not to Operate Unacceptable Equipment
1.12 Reporting of Incidents
2 Underground Storage Tank Systems
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Installation
2.2.1 Reference Documents
2.2.2 General Requirements
2.2.3 Equipment
2.2.4 Siting Requirements
2.2.4.1 General
2.2.4.2 Installing Tanks at Marinas
2.2.5 Private Fuel Outlets at Farms
2.2.6 Fire Safety
2.2.7 Adding Tanks
2.2.8 Burying Requirements
2.2.9 Testing After Installation
2.2.10 Piping
2.2.10.1 Piping and product transfer
2.2.10.2 Fill pipes
2.2.10.3 Vent pipes
2.2.10.4 Underground piping systems
2.3 Operations
2.3.1 Dispensing Requirements
2.3.2 Record-Keeping
2.3.3 Inventory Control (leak detection)
2.3.3.1 Pneumatic leak detection tests
2.3.3.2 Automatic leak detection
2.3.3.3 Manual leak detection
2.3.4 Loading and Unloading Tank Vehicles at Bulk Plants
2.3.5 Leaks, Spills, and Similar Events
2.3.5.1 Leaks
2.3.5.2 Spills
2.3.5.3 Occurence of a spill, leak or similar event
2.3.5.4 Guidance documents
2.3.6 Upgrading
2.3.6.1 Previous Deadlines
2.3.7 Ongoing Requirements
2.4 Removal/Abandonment
2.4.1 Temporary/Seasonal Closure
2.4.2 Permanent Closure
2.5 Remediation
2.5.1 Historical Requirements
2.5.1.1 Pre-1966 – No Requirements
2.5.1.2 1966-1993 – Dig, Dump, & Disclose
2.5.1.3 1993-2001 – The Introduction Of Remediation Schemes
2.5.2 Current Requirements
2.5.2.1 Operational Facilities vs. Decommissioned Facilities
2.5.2.2 Triggers
2.5.2.3 Restorative Requirements
III Aboveground Storage Tank Systems
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Installation
3.2.1 Reference Documents
3.2.2 General Requirements
3.2.3 Special Requirements
3.2.3.1 Separation from Gaseous Fuel Tanks.
3.2.3.2 Retail Sites
3.2.3.3 Retail Sites with Heavy Traffic
3.2.3.4 Bulk Plant Facility Requirements
3.2.3.5 Private Outlets and Farms
3.2.4 Diking and Secondary Containment
3.2.5 Equipment
3.2.5.1 Vertical tanks
3.2.5.2 Horizontal tanks
3.2.6 Tank Markings
3.2.7 Venting
3.2.8 Piping
3.2.8.1 Piping and product transfer
3.2.8.2 Fill pipes
3.2.8.3 Vent pipes
3.2.8.4 Aboveground piping systems
3.3 Operations
3.3.1 Testing
3.3.2 Inventory control (leak detection)
3.3.3 Leaks, spills and similar events
3.3.4 Historical upgrading requirements
3.3.5 Temporary closure
3.3.6 Permanent closure
IV. Heating Oils
1 Introduction to the Regulatory Regime
1.1 Administering Agencies
1.2 Legislative History
1.3 Organization of the Fuel Oil Legislation
1.4 Products Governed by the Fuel Oil Regulation
1.5 Registration and Licensing of Operators and Technicians
1.6 Duty of Employers
1.7 Licensing Requirement for the Distribution of Fuel Oil
1.8 Equipment Registration Requirements
1.9 Inspector Powers
1.10 Investigator Powers
1.11 Equipment Requirements and Distributor/Contractor Obligations
1.11.1 Inspections to ensure safe operating conditions
1.11.1.1 Distributor inspections
1.11.1.2 Building owner inspections
1.11.2 Unacceptable conditions
1.11.2.1 Immediate hazard
1.11.2.2 No immediate hazard
2 Technical Equipment Requirements
2.1 Approved Standards
2.2 History of the Application of the CSA Code
2.3 Aboveground Tanks
2.3.1. Generai
2.3.1. Pressure
2.3.3 Installation
2.3.3.1 Foundations, supports, and anchoring
2.3.3.2 Clearance
2.3.4 Filling of tanks
2.3.5 Piping requirements
2.3.6 Venting of tanks
2.3.7 Guaging of tanks
2.3.8 Cross-connecting small tanks
2.3.8.1 Bottom-connected supply tanks
2.3.8.2 Top-connected supply tanks
2.3.9 Aboveground tank disuse
2.3.10 Removing or disconnecting appliances or tanks
2.4 Special requirements for indoor aboveground tanks
2.4.1 Unenclosed indoor tanks
2.4.2 Enclosed indoor tanks
2.5 Special requirements for outdoor aboveground tanks
2.5.1 Up to 2,500 litres
2.5.2 More than 2,500 litres
2.5.2.1 Locational requirements
2.5.2.2 Secondary containment
2.5.2.3 Secondary containment - dikes
2.5.2.4 Maintenance and inspections of containment dikes
2.5.2.5 Vertical aboveground tanks
2.6 Underground tanks
2.6.1 General installation requirements
2.6.2 Installation requirements - steel tanks
2.6.3 Installation requirements - fibreglass tanks
2.6.4 Adding tanks
2.6.5 Filling of tanks
2.6.6 Underground piping requirements
2.6.7 Venting of tanks
2.6.8 Guaging of tanks
2.6.9 Corrosion protection
2.6.10 Upgrading requirements
2.6.10.1 Historical
2.6.10.2 Current
2.6.10.3 Level 2 leak detection - groundwater monitoring
2.6.10.4 Level 2 leak detection - vapour monitoring
2.6.10.5 Level 2 leak detection - vacuum monitoring
2.6.11 Record-keeping
2.6.12 Temporary and permanent removal
2.7 Leaks, spills and similar events
2.8 Remediation
2.8.1 Operational facilities vs decomissioned facilities
2.8.1.2 Triggers
2.8.2 Restorative requirements
V. Industrial Process Liquids
1 Introduction
1.1 Raw Materials and Waste Liquids
1.2 inapplicability of Ontario’s Liquid Fuels Handling Legislation
1.3 Inapplicability of Ontario’s Fuel Oil Legislation
1.4 Historic Gap in Ontario’s Legislation
1.5 EPA Regulations Requiring Spill Prevention and Control Plans
2 Ontario Fire Code
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Legislative History
2.1.2 Fire Protection and Prevention Act, 1997
2.2 Application of the 2007 Fire Code
2.2.1 Part 4 - Flammable and Combustible Liquids
2.2.1.1. Not applicable to existing facilities
2.2.2 Phase-in period of the 1997 Fire Code
2.2.2.1 New facilities (as of Aug.21, 1998, Part 4 applied to all 'new'
facilities and facilities that were built on or after Nov.21, 1997 [1997 OFC, sent 4.1.1.3.(1)).
2.2.2.2. Existing facilities
2.3.1 Scope.
2.3.1.1. Compliance equivalent
2.3.1.2. Definitions of flammable and combustible liquids
2.3.2. Fire fighting and prevention
2.3.3 Emergency Planning
2.3.4 Basement Storage
2.3.5 Ventilation
2.3.6 Drainage
2.3.7 Spill and Leak Response.
2.3.8 Product Transfers
2.3.9 Storage Tank Equipment Standards
2.3.10 Associated Piping Equipment Standards
2.3.11 Installation
2.3.11.1 Underground Storage Tanks
2.3.11.2 Aboveground Outdoor Storage Tanks.
2.3.11.3. Aboveground Indoor Storage Tanks
2.3.12 Associated Piping Arrangements
2.3.13 Storage Tank Venting.
2.3.14 Storage Tank Measurement and Fill Pipes
2.3.15 Leak Testing for Storage Tank Systems
2.3.16 Inventory Control for Storage Tanks
2.3.17 Temporary Disuse of Storage Tanks
2.3.17.1 Underground Storage Tanks
2.3.17.2 Aboveground Storage Tanks
2.3.18 Permanent Decommissioning of Underground Storage Tanks
3 Other Guidance Documents
3.1 National Fire Code of Canada, 2010
3.2 Storage Tank Systems for Petroleum Products and Allied Petroleum Products Regulations
3.2.1 Introduction
3.2.2 Legislative history
3.2.2.1 Federal Lands Storage Tank Systems Registration Regulations
3.2.2.2 Federal Storage Tank Technical Guidelines and the CCME Environmental Code of Practice
3.2.3 Relevant Petroleum Products
3.2.4 Application of the regulations
3.2.5 Tank compatibility with products stored
3.2.5.1 Fibre reinforced plastics and ethanol
3.2.6 Identification of storage tank systems
3.2.6.1 Tanks pre-existing regulations
3.2.6.2 New installations
3.2.7 Installation and equipment requirements
3.2.7.1 Approved installer
3.2.7.2 Approved plans
3.2.7.3 Aboveground storage tank systems
3.2.7.4 Secondary containment for aboveground storage tank systems
3.2.7.5 Underground storage tank systems
3.2.7.6 Used oil tank systems
3.2.7.7 Piping
3.2.8 Operations
3.2.8.1 Record keeping
3.2.8.2 Emergency plans
3.2.8.3 Corrosion protection monitoring
3.2.8.4 Product transfer
3.2.8.5 Maintenance
3.2.9 Leak detection
3.2.9.1 Precision leak testing
3.2.9.2 Visual inspection
3.2.9.3 Leak detection records
3.2.10 Leak and spill response
3.2.10.1 Notification and written report
3.2.10.2 Protecting the public
3.2.11 Upgrading and removal schedule
3.2.11.1 Immediate
3.2.11.2 June 25, 2009 (one year after in force)
3.2.11.3 June 25, 2010 (two years after in force)
3.2.11.4 June 25, 2012 (four years after regulation in force)
3.2.12 Temporary and permanent withdrawal from service
3.2.13 Removal of tanks
3.3 CCME Environmental Guidelines for Controlling Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from Aboveground Storage Tanks
3.3.1 Applicability
3.3.2 Compliance deadlines
3.3.2.1 June 1996
3.3.2.2 End of 2004
3.3.3 Upgrading requirements
3.3.3.1 Requirements
3.3.3.2 Specifications
3.3.4 Inspection Requirements
3.3.4.1 Internal floating roofs
3.3.4.2 External floating roofs
3.3.4.3 Vapour control systems
3.3.4.4 Vapour balancing systems
3.3.4.5 Pressure vacuum vents
3.3.5 Recordkeeping requirements
3.3.5.1 Tanks with a floating roof or a pressure vacuum vent
3.3.5.2 Tanks with a vapour control or vapour balancing system
3.4 Federal Environmental Emergency Regulations
VI. Waste Liquids
1 Introduction
2 Liquid industrial wastes
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Regulation 347 - Waste generator requirements
2.2.1 Waste storage
2.2.2 Waste transfers
2.3 MOE guidelines
2.3.1 General principles
2.3.2 Tank location
2.3.4 Piping
2.3.5 Secondary containment
2.3.5.1 Size, height and spacing
2.3.5.2 Capacity
2.3.5.3 Construction
2.3.5.4 Secondary containment for underground tanks
2.3.5.5 Transfer, loading and off-loading
2.3.6 Leak detection
2.3.7 Inspections and monitoring
2.3.8 Record keeping
2.3.9 Emergency preparedness
2.3.10 Labelling
2.3.11 Training
2.3.12 Drum storage
2.4 EPA Inspection powers
3 Automotive Recyclables
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Selected waste depots
3.1.1.1. Scope
3.1.1.2 Overlapping jurisdiction
3.2 Establishing a depot
3.3 Operation and maintenance
3.3.1 Acceptable wastes
3.3.2 Storage requirements
3.3.2.1 General principles
3.3.2.2 Dedicated tanks
3.3.2.3 Secondary containment for aboveground tanks
3.3.2.4 Response equipment
3.3.3 Inspection
3.3.4 Employee training
VII. Clean-up and remediation
1 The Environmental Fate of Contaminants
1.1 Volatility and miscibility of gasoline and other petroleum products
1.2 Constituent compounds of gasoline and other petroleum products
1.3 Degradation through natural processes
1.4 Movement in soils
1.5 Groundwater movement
2 Clean-up Standards And Technologies
2.1 Site Investigation
2.2 Guidelines and Regulations Governing Clean-up
2.2.1 CCME Guidelines
2.2.2 Records of Site Condition Regulation (O.Reg.153/04)
2.2.2.1 Changes in land use
2.2.2.2 "Qualified persons"
2.2.2.3 Phase 1 Environmental Site Assessments
2.2.2.4 Phase 2 Environmental Site Assessments
2.2.2.5 Remediation standards
2.2.2.6 Risk assessments
2.2.2.7 Certificates of property use
2.2.3 Legislative history
2.2.3.1 Guideline for Use at Contaminated Sites in Ontario
2.2.3.2 TSSA Alternative Process to the Use of a Record of Site Condition
3 Remediation Technologies
3.1 "Dig and Dump"
3.2 Recovery of Product
3.3 Pre-Treatment and Disposal
3.4 Groundwater Treatment
3.5 Bioremediation
4 Approvals for treatment methods
VIII. Liability
1 Introduction
2 Regulatory Liability
2.1 Environmental Offences
2.1.1 Statutory Environmental Offences
2.1.1.1 Ontario Environmental Protection Act (EPA)
2.1.1.2 Ontario Water Resources Act (OWRA)
2.1.1.3 Federal Fisheries Act
2.1.1.4 Federal Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999
2.1.2 Due Diligence defence
2.1.3 Penalties
2.1.3.1 EPA
2.1.3.2 OWRA
2.1.3.3 Regulatory Modernization Act, 2007
2.1.3.4 Fisheries Act
2.1.3.5 CEPA 1999
2.2 Administrative Orders
2.2.1 Administrative Monetary Penalties (AMPs)
2.2.1.1 Environmental Penalties
2.2.1.2 Federal Administrative Monetary Penalties
2.2.2 Types of Orders
2.2.2.1 EPA
2.2.2.2 OWRA
2.2.2.3 Fisheries Act
2.2.2.4 CEPA 1999
2.2.2.5 TSSA
2.2.3 Compliance With Orders
2.2.4 Liable Parties
2.2.5 Current, Former and Future Landowners
2.2.6 Installers, Service Firms, and Manufacturers
2.2.7 Orders Binding on Successors and Assignees
2.2.8 Allocation of Costs
2.2.9 Limited Liability Under the New Brownfield Regime
3 Civil Liability
3.1 Introduction to Common Law Causes of Action
3.2 Nuisance
3.2.1 Private Nuisance
3.2.2 Continuing Nuisance
3.2.3 Public Nuisance
3.2.4 Class Action
3.2.5 Right to Farm Shield against Nuisance Actions
3.3 Strict Liability
3.3.1 The principle
3.3.2 Defences
3.3.3 Foreseeability
3.4 Negligence
3.5 Trespass
3.6 Riparian Rights
3.7 Civil liability damages
3.7.1 Mitigation
4 Environmental Insurance
4.1 General liability policies
4.1.1 Development of Pollution Exclusion Clauses
4.1.2 Statutory liability driving Pollution Exclusion Clauses
4.1.2.1 Breadth of order power
4.1.2.2 Apportionment of liability
4.2 Environmental insurance
4.2.2 Pollution policies
4.2.2.1 Tank-specific policies
4.2.2.2 Site-specific policies
4.2.2.3 Cost cap policies
4.3 Real estate lender's policy
IX. Legislative Comparison
1 The Legislative Framework in Other Jurisdictions
1.1 Fire codes across Canada
1.2 Remediation and clean-up of contaminated sites
1.3 Storage tanks
2 Provincial framewords
2.1 Alberta
2.1.1 Ministry of Municipal Affairs
2.1.2 Petroleum Tank Management Association
2.1.3 Municpalities
2.1.4 Alberta Energy and Utilities Board
2.1.5 Energy Conservation Board
2.1.6 Alberta Environment
2.2 British Columbia
2.2.1 National Fire Code modified
2.2.2 CCME Codes of Practice followed
2.2.3 Environmental Management Act
2.2.4 Clean-up
2.3 Manitoba
2.3.1 Petroleum Products Regulations
2.3.2 Used Oil
2.3.3 Industrial Process Liquids
2.3.4 Fuel Oil
2.3.5 Clean-up
2.4 New Brunswick
2.4.1 Petroleum products
2.4.1.1 Scope
2.4.1.2 Licensing
2.4.1.3 Environmental approvals
2.4.1.4 Leak notification
2.4.1.5 Minister's orders
2.4.1.6 Reference standards
2.4.1.7 Upgrading requirements
2.4.2 Used oil
2.4.3 Flammable and combustible liquids
2.4.4 Fuel oil
2.4.5 Additonal standards
2.5 Newfoundland And Labrador
2.5.1 Tank Systems Other Than Small Fuel Oil Systems
2.5.1.1 Tank registration
2.5.1.2 Leak testing and response
2.5.1.3 Contingency plans
2.5.1.4 Inventory reconciliation and reporting of losses
2.5.2 Heating Oil
2.5.2.1 Registration
2.5.2.2 Code compliance
2.5.2.3 Upgrading requirements
2.5.3 Used Oil
2.5.4 Other Flammable and Combustible Liquids
2.5.5 Clean-up
2.6 Northwest Territories
2.6.1 Used Oil
2.6.2 Spills contingency planning
2.6.3 Clean-up
2.6.3.1 Land use categories
2.6.3.2 Remediation criteria
2.6.3.3 Petroleum hydrocarbon fractions
2.7 Nova Scotia
2.7.1 Small underground systems prohibited
2.7.2 Technical standards
2.7.2.1 General requirements
2.7.2.2 Site sensitivity
2.7.2.3 Monitoring of tank systems
2.7.2.4 Upgrading and altering requirements
2.7.2.5 Leak testing
2.7.2.6 Decommissioning
2.7.3 Motive fuels
2.7.3.1 Reconciliation - underground tanks
2.7.3.2 Reconcialition - aboveground tanks
2.7.4 Heating fuels
2.7.4.1 April 1, 2011
2.7.5 National Fire Code also applicable
2.7.6 Used oil
2.7.7 Clean-up
2.8 Nunavut
2.9 Prince Edward Island
2.9.1 Fuels, lubricants, and used oil
2.9.1.1 Contractor licenses
2.9.1.2 Tank installation approvals
2.9.1.3 Operations
2.9.1.4 Design standards
2.9.1.5 Inventory reconciliation
2.9.1.6 Other operating and maintenance requirements
2.9.1.7 Decommissioning
2.9.2 Industrial process liquids
2.9.3 Used oil
2.9.4 Clean-up
2.10 Quebec
2.10.1 Fuels
2.10.2 Hazardous materials
2.10.3 Clean-up
2.11 Saskatchewan
2.11.1 Hazardous substances regulations
2.11.2 Spills and leaks
2.11.3 Clean-up
2.12 Yukon
2.12.1 Aboveground Tank Systems
2.12.1.1 Diking
2.12.1.2 Reporting leaks
2.12.2 Underground Tank Systems
2.12.2.1 Inventory reconciliation
2.12.2.2 Response to leaks
2.12.2.4 Decommissioning
2.12.3 Small tank systems other than heating fuel
2.12.4. Hazardous substances
2.12.5 Motive fuels
2.12.6 Heating fuels
2.12.7 Other flammable liquids
2.12.8 Spills
2.12.9 Clean-up
2.12.9.1 Generic criteria
2.12.9.2 Matrix standards
2.12.9.3 Risk-based protocols
Appendix
The appendix contains comprehensive 'at-a-click' links to verbatim sources of up-to-date acts, regulations, standards, codes and guidelines referenced in the text.
Links to resources and materials are listed alphabetically under the following main headings:
Alberta
Atlantic Partnership in the RBCA implementation committee
British Columbia
Canadian Petroleum Products Institute
Canadian Standards Association
Canada (Federal)
Acts and regulations
CCME codes and guidelines
Environment Canada guidelines
Manitoba
National Fire Protection Association
National Research Council of Canada
New Brunswick
Newfounland & Labrador
Northwest Territories
Nova Scotia
Nunavut
Ontario
Acts and regulations
TSSA codes and guidelines
Ministry of the Environment guidelines
Prince Edward Island
Quebec
Saskatchewan
Yukon
Other
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